Search results for " molecular epidemiology"
showing 10 items of 18 documents
Recent trends in salmonellosis epidemiology
1999
The taxonomy of the genus Salmonella and the recent trends in the epidemiology of salmonellosis have been reviewed. Global and Italian trends in salmonellae infections have been considered focusing on the application of molecular biology methods to the study of epidemic isolates, as in the case of S. Wien and the more recent S. Enteritidis pandemics. Interventions for salmonellosis prevention, and control measures including new rapid cultural methods for the detection of salmonellae in foods, have been summarized.
Trends of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli sequence type 131 and its H30 subclone in a French hospital over a 15-year period.
2016
International audience; Sequence type 131 (ST131) is a predominant lineage among extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. It plays a major role in the worldwide dissemination of E. coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Here we describe the long-term epidemiology of this clonal group in a French university hospital, where the incidence of ESBL-producing E. coli has increased from 0.018 case per 1000 patient-days in the year 2000 to 0.50 case per 1000 patient-days in 2014. The first of the 141 ST131 isolates was recovered in 2006, and the ST131 clonal group accounted for 18.1% of total ESBL-producing E. coli over the whole period (2000-2014). Subclonal typing showed that …
Evaluation of HIV transmission clusters among natives and foreigners living in Italy
2020
We aimed at evaluating the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters (MTCs) among natives and migrants living in Italy, diagnosed between 1998 and 2018. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on HIV-1 polymerase (pol) sequences to characterise subtypes and identify MTCs, divided into small (SMTCs, 2&ndash
Molecular epidemiology of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae from invasive infections in Italy: Increasing diversity with predominance of the ST512 …
2016
Objectives The spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) represents one of the most worrisome problems for clinical medicine worldwide. In Italy, the Antibiotic-Resistance-Istituto Superiore di Sanita surveillance network, in collaboration with the Committee for Antimicrobial Agents of the Italian Society of Clinical Microbiologists, promoted a study to investigate the carbapenem-resistance mechanisms, clonal relatedness and capsular typing of a recent collection of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP). Methods A total of 17 laboratories distributed across Italy collected all consecutive non-replicate CR-KP isolated from invasive infections during two different s…
Escherichia coli of human and avian origin: detection of clonal groups associated with fluoroquinolone and multidrug resistance in Italy
2012
Objectives: Poultry have been suggested as a reservoir for fluoroquinolone-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC). Our aim was to investigate whether genotypes associated with ciprofloxacin and multidrug resistance were shared among human and avian E. coli. Methods: We compared 277 human ExPEC isolates from urinary tract infection (UTI) and sepsis (142 susceptible and 135 ciprofloxacin resistant) and 101 avian isolates (68 susceptible and 33 ciprofloxacin resistant) by antimicrobial resistance phenotype, phylogenetic group and multilocus sequence type (ST). Results: Most ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates from both human and avian sources were multidrug resistant. Human…
Microsatellite-based genotyping of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates reveals dominance and persistence of a particular epidemiological clon…
2012
In this study, using multilocus microsatellite analysis, we report the genetic characterization of 27 Candida parapsilosis isolates recovered in two different periods of time (2007-2009 and 2011-2012) from infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit of a hospital in Messina, Italy. The results revealed the persistence and dominance of a particular infectious genotype among NICU patients and highlight the power of the used microsatellite markers in clarifying epidemiologic associations, detect micro-evolutionary variations and facilitating the recognition of outbreaks. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of the KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 clone
2017
ABSTRACT : The global spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) has been mainly associated with the dissemination of high-risk clones. In the last decade, hospital outbreaks involving KPC-producing K. pneumoniae have been predominantly attributed to isolates belonging to clonal group (CG) 258. However, results of recent epidemiological analysis indicate that KPC-producing sequence type (ST) 307, is emerging in different parts of the world and is a candidate to become a prevalent high-risk clone in the near future. Here we show that the ST307 genome encodes genetic features that may provide an advantage in adaptation to the hospital environment and t…
Molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii in Iran: endemic and epidemic spread of multiresistant isolates
2014
Objectives We examined the molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from two cities (Tehran and Tabriz) of Iran. Methods DiversiLab repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR), multilocus sequence typing and sequence group multiplex PCR were performed. The presence of resistance mechanisms including metallo-β-lactamases, extended-spectrum β-lactamases, OXA carbapenemases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and RNA methylases was also investigated. Results DiversiLab rep-PCR identified 11 clusters and 11 singleton isolates. Twelve sequence types (STs), including six novel types, were identified. Sequence groups (SGs) 1-3 as well as five additional banding pattern…
Occult Hepatitis B Infection in the Immigrant Population of Sicily, Italy.
2012
In Italy, about 7 % of the resident population is represented by immigrants originating from geographic regions at high endemicity for hepatitis B virus infection. This study aims to assess the prevalence of occult HBV infection (OBI) including the identification of HBV-genotypes in a population of immigrants serologically negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Between May 2006 and May 2010, 339 immigrants were tested for markers of HBV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. HBV-DNA was tested by using nested-PCR assays on three different genetic region. HBV-DNA was detected in plasma samples of 11/339 (3.2 %) patients. Most of them had no ser…
Germline variation in the insulin-like growth factor pathway and risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma
2020
Contains fulltext : 235640.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor, Barrett's esophagus (BE), have uncovered significant genetic components of risk, but most heritability remains unexplained. Targeted assessment of genetic variation in biologically relevant pathways using novel analytical approaches may identify missed susceptibility signals. Central obesity, a key BE/EAC risk factor, is linked to systemic inflammation, altered hormonal signaling and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis dysfunction. Here, we assessed IGF-related genetic variation and risk of BE and EAC. Principal component analys…